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muddle 英 式和美式 IELTS SAT TEM8

瀏覽量:134    發(fā)布時(shí)間:2020-08-24

America has grown healthily and the rest of the world has muddled along.
美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)健康增長(zhǎng),世界其他地區(qū)也還算過(guò)得去。
——《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》
Yes, Southern Europe is experiencing an economic crisis thanks to that money muddle.
是的,由于貨幣引發(fā)的混亂,歐洲南部正在經(jīng)歷經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。
——《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》

基本釋義

[verb] bring into a disordered or confusing state
[動(dòng)詞] 使陷入混亂或令人費(fèi)解的狀態(tài)


深入解讀

看到 muddle 一詞,小站的老鐵們應(yīng)該不難想起差不多一年前推過(guò)的 小詞詳解 | meddle ,這兩個(gè)單詞不僅形似,而且含義也稍稍有些接近。別第一眼覺(jué)得 muddle 很陌生,其實(shí)它可能衍生自英語(yǔ)單詞 mud (爛泥、泥漿、淤泥),也可能直接源自中古荷蘭語(yǔ) moddelen (使水等渾濁),其基本含義即像把水弄渾一樣“弄亂、攪渾”,多指將事物以錯(cuò)誤的順序弄亂或混淆,比如:

別動(dòng)——你會(huì)弄亂我的文件的。我可是花了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才整理好的。
Don't do that─you're muddling my papers. It took me a long time to collate them.
他們神秘隱晦的情書(shū)都亂七八糟地放在一個(gè)抽屜里。
Their cryptic love letters were all muddled up together in a drawer.

這個(gè)概念也可以用在人身上,把腦袋弄亂,即表示“使困惑、使糊涂”,以及指酒、麻醉藥等“使?fàn)€醉、使昏昏沉沉”,比如:

說(shuō)慢點(diǎn)兒——你都把我搞糊涂了。我真搞不懂你在說(shuō)什么。
Slow down a little─you're muddling me. I really couldn't fathom what you are talking about.
那男人醉醺醺地踉蹌著走出了酒吧。他喝了兩杯就醉了。
The man lurched drunkenly out of the pub. Two drinks muddled him.

東西弄混之后或者腦袋亂了之后,就容易分不清兩個(gè)比較相似的人或物以至于不知道哪個(gè)是哪個(gè),這可以用 muddle sb/sth (up) 或 muddle A (up) with B 表示某人“混淆、攪渾、分不清”,比如:

我搞錯(cuò)了日期,早到了一個(gè)星期。
I muddled the dates and arrived a week early.

雖然混亂不是件好事,但有時(shí)候我們?cè)谌狈ο鄳?yīng)的知識(shí)、信息、設(shè)備等時(shí),甚至都不知道自己在干什么,也要蒙混過(guò)關(guān)達(dá)成目標(biāo),這就可以用 muddle through 表示“胡亂應(yīng)付過(guò)去”,與小站之前在 小詞詳解 | brazen 中提到的 brazen it/sth out (厚著臉皮硬挺過(guò)去)有些近義,比如:

你不必為這事吵吵嚷嚷。我們能想辦法應(yīng)付過(guò)去。
You don't have to be blatant about it. We'll muddle through somehow.
顯然媒體已被封了口,因?yàn)槭裁炊紱](méi)有報(bào)道?,F(xiàn)在我們能做的頂多就是設(shè)法保持冷靜,蒙混過(guò)關(guān)。
The media has obviously been gagged because nothing has been reported. The best we can do now is try to stay cool and muddle through.

而在英式英語(yǔ)中還有一種混法叫 muddle along ,指的是“混日子、得過(guò)且過(guò)”,比如:

我們不能就這樣混日子。我們必須設(shè)法擺脫貧困的煎熬。
We can't just keep muddling along like this. We must contrive a way to escape the grinding poverty.

用作名詞時(shí), muddle 除了自然表示“糊涂、困惑、茫然”以及“混亂、亂七八糟”外,也可以用 muddle about/over sth 表示局面“一團(tuán)糟、混亂”,比如:

我曾在一家戲院兼職當(dāng)引座員。那里的戲票管理問(wèn)題一團(tuán)糟。
I did part-time work as an usher in a theatre. There was a muddle over the theatre tickets.

雙語(yǔ)名著
Bagovut, a sturdy old general of placid disposition, had been worried too by all the delays, the muddles, and the contradictory orders, and, to the amazement of everybody, he flew into a violent rage, quite out of keeping with his character, and said some very nasty things to Toll.
巴戈烏特是一個(gè)文靜的、能征善戰(zhàn)的老將軍,他也因?yàn)橐宦吠涎?、混亂和錯(cuò)誤百出被搞得筋疲力竭,令人驚訝的是,他一反平日的溫文爾雅,大發(fā)雷霆,他對(duì)托爾說(shuō)了許多難聽(tīng)的話。
出自俄國(guó)作家列夫·托爾斯泰( Leo Tolstoy)創(chuàng)作的長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平》(War and Peace)。本書(shū)于1865年到1869年出版,講述歐洲拿破侖時(shí)期俄羅斯所發(fā)生的事?!稇?zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平》自從問(wèn)世以來(lái),一直被認(rèn)為是世界上最偉大的小說(shuō)之一。

同近義詞

jumble: mix up in a confused or untidy way
disarrange: make (something) untidy or disordered
scramble: make (something) jumbled or muddled
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