如何給出方案？
瀏覽量：143 發(fā)布時(shí)間：2020-07-02
寫作中不乏各種社會(huì)問題，在描述完問題后，我們總需要給出解決方案。在介紹方案時(shí)，我們總擺脫不了“The first way is... The second... Thirdly...”這樣的俗套句式，閱卷老師看了都連連搖頭。那怎么說才能更新穎、更地道呢？今天我們一起來看一看。
一、閱讀
這段話選自劍橋雅思真題第10套Test1聽力部分section4，全文講述了白靈熊瀕臨滅絕，最后提到了保護(hù)措施：
The government is now requiring logging companies to adopt a better logging method, which is a positive step. However, these measures alone may not be sufficient to ensure a healthy population of the spirit bear in the future.
Other steps also need to be taken. While it is important to maintain the spirit bear’s habitat, there also needs to be more emphasis on its expansion.
政府現(xiàn)在要求伐木公司采用更好的伐木方法——這是一個(gè)積極的步驟。然而，僅靠這些措施可能不足以確保未來白靈熊的數(shù)量處于一個(gè)健康水平。
我們還需要采取其他措施。盡管保護(hù)白靈熊的棲息地很重要，但也要更加重視棲息地的擴(kuò)張。
這段話不難，簡單說幾個(gè)地方：
logging companies 伐木公司，文中提到伐木公司無限制的擴(kuò)張影響到白靈熊棲息地。
Spirit bear 就是指「白靈熊」。
emphasis 是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)單詞，意為 special importance that is given to sth「重視、重要性」，后面加介詞 on/upon：put / lay / place emphasis on sth 強(qiáng)調(diào) / 重視某事，可以跟 stress 聯(lián)系起來。
二、句型提煉
我們還可以從這兩段話中提煉出一套地道的寫作模板，用于針對(duì)某個(gè)問題描述具體的應(yīng)對(duì)措施：
The government is now..., which is a positive step. However, these measures alone may not be sufficient to ensure...
Other steps also need to be taken. While it is important to ..., there also needs to be more emphasis on...
這套模板先通過“The government is now”引出了政府的做法，隨后以定語從句的形式對(duì)該方案進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)：which is a positive step「是一項(xiàng)積極的舉措」，然后通過 However 轉(zhuǎn)折，點(diǎn)出方案的不足：these measures alone may not be sufficient to...，同時(shí)也起到過渡作用，引出下文其它方案。
第二段開頭以“Other steps also need to be taken”呼應(yīng)“these measures alone may not be sufficient”，然后通過“While..., ...”結(jié)構(gòu)引出更多方案。
三、這個(gè)句型好在哪里？
首先，這套模板句式和用詞豐富。句式上，先后用了定語從句、賓語從句、狀語從句，避免了單一句式的呆板性；用詞上，表達(dá)「措施」時(shí)，作者分別用了method, step, measures等不同的詞匯，非常靈活；
其次，句子長短結(jié)合。①②句是長句，③句為短句，④句又變?yōu)殚L句，讀起來更有節(jié)奏感；
再次，內(nèi)容上也更有層次感。不像我們常用的“The first...; The second...”把幾項(xiàng)方案堆疊在一起，而是有明顯的層次感：先介紹政府措施，然后通過分析其不足來引出更多措施，行文自然，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，更有邏輯性。
四、仿寫練習(xí)
下面我們結(jié)合當(dāng)前熱點(diǎn)話題，運(yùn)用這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)行仿寫。
比如如何應(yīng)對(duì)“久坐帶來的身體傷害”：
The government is considering building more sports facilities to tackle this nerve-racking problem, which is a positive step. However, these measures alone are far from sufficient to reduce people’s waist size.
Other steps also need to be taken. While it is important for individuals to rebalance their timetable, there also needs to be more emphasis on scientific guide and psychological support.
前段時(shí)間拼多多員工加班猝死，“996”再次成為熱點(diǎn)話題，如何解決過度加班帶來的問題？我們可以這樣說：
The public is pleading and urging to change the "996" overwork culture, which is a positive step. However, these voices alone are far from sufficient to foster a friendly working environment.
Other steps also need to be taken. While it is important to raise companies' awareness, there also needs to be more focus on strict enforcement of labour laws.
閱讀是提高寫作能力的最佳途徑，要在閱讀中積累地道的寫作句型、表達(dá)，一共要做好四步：
閱讀，充分理解段落內(nèi)容；
提煉句型，分析如何運(yùn)用；
如果沒有這個(gè)句型，我們會(huì)怎么表達(dá)？這個(gè)句型好在哪里？
結(jié)合個(gè)人生活經(jīng)歷或近期熱點(diǎn)，仿寫造句。
當(dāng)然寫作沒有固定形式，一切模板結(jié)構(gòu)只是為大家提供一個(gè)參考，重點(diǎn)還是自己廣泛積累后的熟練運(yùn)用。
一、閱讀
這段話選自劍橋雅思真題第10套Test1聽力部分section4，全文講述了白靈熊瀕臨滅絕，最后提到了保護(hù)措施：
The government is now requiring logging companies to adopt a better logging method, which is a positive step. However, these measures alone may not be sufficient to ensure a healthy population of the spirit bear in the future.
Other steps also need to be taken. While it is important to maintain the spirit bear’s habitat, there also needs to be more emphasis on its expansion.
政府現(xiàn)在要求伐木公司采用更好的伐木方法——這是一個(gè)積極的步驟。然而，僅靠這些措施可能不足以確保未來白靈熊的數(shù)量處于一個(gè)健康水平。
我們還需要采取其他措施。盡管保護(hù)白靈熊的棲息地很重要，但也要更加重視棲息地的擴(kuò)張。
這段話不難，簡單說幾個(gè)地方：
logging companies 伐木公司，文中提到伐木公司無限制的擴(kuò)張影響到白靈熊棲息地。
Spirit bear 就是指「白靈熊」。
emphasis 是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)單詞，意為 special importance that is given to sth「重視、重要性」，后面加介詞 on/upon：put / lay / place emphasis on sth 強(qiáng)調(diào) / 重視某事，可以跟 stress 聯(lián)系起來。
二、句型提煉
我們還可以從這兩段話中提煉出一套地道的寫作模板，用于針對(duì)某個(gè)問題描述具體的應(yīng)對(duì)措施：
The government is now..., which is a positive step. However, these measures alone may not be sufficient to ensure...
Other steps also need to be taken. While it is important to ..., there also needs to be more emphasis on...
這套模板先通過“The government is now”引出了政府的做法，隨后以定語從句的形式對(duì)該方案進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)：which is a positive step「是一項(xiàng)積極的舉措」，然后通過 However 轉(zhuǎn)折，點(diǎn)出方案的不足：these measures alone may not be sufficient to...，同時(shí)也起到過渡作用，引出下文其它方案。
第二段開頭以“Other steps also need to be taken”呼應(yīng)“these measures alone may not be sufficient”，然后通過“While..., ...”結(jié)構(gòu)引出更多方案。
三、這個(gè)句型好在哪里？
首先，這套模板句式和用詞豐富。句式上，先后用了定語從句、賓語從句、狀語從句，避免了單一句式的呆板性；用詞上，表達(dá)「措施」時(shí)，作者分別用了method, step, measures等不同的詞匯，非常靈活；
其次，句子長短結(jié)合。①②句是長句，③句為短句，④句又變?yōu)殚L句，讀起來更有節(jié)奏感；
再次，內(nèi)容上也更有層次感。不像我們常用的“The first...; The second...”把幾項(xiàng)方案堆疊在一起，而是有明顯的層次感：先介紹政府措施，然后通過分析其不足來引出更多措施，行文自然，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，更有邏輯性。
四、仿寫練習(xí)
下面我們結(jié)合當(dāng)前熱點(diǎn)話題，運(yùn)用這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)行仿寫。
比如如何應(yīng)對(duì)“久坐帶來的身體傷害”：
The government is considering building more sports facilities to tackle this nerve-racking problem, which is a positive step. However, these measures alone are far from sufficient to reduce people’s waist size.
Other steps also need to be taken. While it is important for individuals to rebalance their timetable, there also needs to be more emphasis on scientific guide and psychological support.
前段時(shí)間拼多多員工加班猝死，“996”再次成為熱點(diǎn)話題，如何解決過度加班帶來的問題？我們可以這樣說：
The public is pleading and urging to change the "996" overwork culture, which is a positive step. However, these voices alone are far from sufficient to foster a friendly working environment.
Other steps also need to be taken. While it is important to raise companies' awareness, there also needs to be more focus on strict enforcement of labour laws.
閱讀是提高寫作能力的最佳途徑，要在閱讀中積累地道的寫作句型、表達(dá)，一共要做好四步：
閱讀，充分理解段落內(nèi)容；
提煉句型，分析如何運(yùn)用；
如果沒有這個(gè)句型，我們會(huì)怎么表達(dá)？這個(gè)句型好在哪里？
結(jié)合個(gè)人生活經(jīng)歷或近期熱點(diǎn)，仿寫造句。
當(dāng)然寫作沒有固定形式，一切模板結(jié)構(gòu)只是為大家提供一個(gè)參考，重點(diǎn)還是自己廣泛積累后的熟練運(yùn)用。
